In the Middle Ages, chains of beacons were commonly used on hilltops as a means of relaying a signal. And in 1849, Paul Julius Reuter started a pigeon service to fly stock prices between Aachen and Brussels, a service that operated for a year until the gap in the telegraph link was closed. In the early 19th century, the Dutch government used the system in Java and Sumatra. The Greeks also conveyed the names of the victors at the Olympic Games to various cities using homing pigeons. Frontinus claimed Julius Caesar used pigeons as messengers in his conquest of Gaul. Pigeon post had Persian roots and was later used by the Romans to aid their military. Homing pigeons have been used throughout history by different cultures. It comes from Old French comunicacion (14c., Modern French communication), from Latin communicationem (nominative communicatio), noun of action from past participle stem of communicare, "to share, divide out communicate, impart, inform join, unite, participate in," literally, "to make common," from communis." History Ī replica of one of Chappe's semaphore towers Communication was first used as an English word in the late 14th century. Its modern use is adapted from the French, because its written use was recorded in 1904 by the French engineer and novelist Édouard Estaunié. The word telecommunication is a compound of the Greek prefix tele- (τῆλε), meaning distant, far off, or afar, and the Latin communicare, meaning to share. 6.5 Local area networks and wide area networks.4.4 Entertainment, news, and advertising.3.2 Analog versus digital communications. 2.4.1 Computer networks and the Internet.This soon demonstrated the limitations of copper in data transmission, prompting the development of optics. Since the mid-1990s, as the internet has grown in popularity, voice has been gradually supplanted by data. For many years, these networks were used for basic phone services, namely voice and telegrams. The early telecommunication networks were created with copper wires as the physical medium for signal transmission. Zworykin, John Logie Baird and Philo Farnsworth (some of the inventors of television).Īccording to Article 1.3 of the Radio Regulations (RR), telecommunication is defined as « Any transmission, emission or reception of signs, signals, writings, images and sounds or intelligence of any nature by wire, radio, optical, or other electromagnetic systems.» This definition is identical to those contained in the Annex to the Constitution and Convention of the International Telecommunication Union (Geneva, 1992). These included Charles Wheatstone and Samuel Morse (inventors of the telegraph), Antonio Meucci and Alexander Graham Bell (some of the inventors and developers of the telephone, see Invention of the telephone), Edwin Armstrong and Lee de Forest (inventors of radio), as well as Vladimir K. 20th- and 21st-century technologies for long-distance communication usually involve electrical and electromagnetic technologies, such as telegraph, telephone, television and teleprinter, networks, radio, microwave transmission, optical fiber, and communications satellites.Ī revolution in wireless communication began in the first decade of the 20th century with the pioneering developments in radio communications by Guglielmo Marconi, who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1909, and other notable pioneering inventors and developers in the field of electrical and electronic telecommunications. Other examples of pre-modern long-distance communication included audio messages, such as coded drumbeats, lung-blown horns, and loud whistles. Telecommunication is often used in its plural form. Such transmission paths are often divided into communication channels, which afford the advantages of multiplexing multiple concurrent communication sessions. The transmission media in telecommunication have evolved through numerous stages of technology, from beacons and other visual signals (such as smoke signals, semaphore telegraphs, signal flags, and optical heliographs), to electrical cable and electromagnetic radiation, including light. It has its origin in the desire of humans for communication over a distance greater than that feasible with the human voice, but with a similar scale of expediency thus, slow systems (such as postal mail) are excluded from the field. Telecommunication is the transmission of information by various types of technologies over wire, radio, optical, or other electromagnetic systems. Earth station at the satellite communication facility in Raisting, Bavaria, Germany
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